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Dacrydium pectinatum at a highland heath swamp

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Dacrydium pectinatum  (family Podocarpaceae ) is a tropical conifer with a widespread distribution, from Hainan to Sabah and Sarawak, and to Kalimantan and Sumatra. In the Philippines, it is known from the islands of Mindoro, Palawan, and the Zamboanga Peninsula on Mindanao (all in the west), and Sibuyan and eastern Luzon, where it has so far been found only from the province of Aurora's section of the Sierra Madre, the longest mountain system in the Philippines. A recent hike to Mt. Anacuao in the town in Dinalungan in Aurora yielded observations of this species.   Developing seeds. Cone of D. pectinatum .   The trees were prevalent in a swampy heath at about 1100 m elevations. Grasses, members of the Cyperaceae , ferns ( Blechnopsis orientalis ,  Dipteris conjugata and Sticherus truncatus ), lycopodids, rushes ( Equisetum sp.), and of course, ericaceous shrubs dominate this flat area. Also notable were the bright red rosettes of Drosera spatulata - these number well into the th

What exactly is an 'Alocasia pseudosanderiana'? Spoiler alert: I don't f***ing know

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 Whilst taking a stroll around the church grounds of San Jose in Nueva Ecija one early September morning, I came across this Alocasia whose identity is still steeped in a shitload of question marks. Consider: 1. No one really knows where it originally came from.  Well, probably from the Philippines. However, Dr. Lanie Medecilo did not include this plant in her studies on Philippine alocasias a few years ago. But in the same vein, it can be found growing semi-wild in some areas in the Philippines, while it has so far not been reported doing the same in neighboring regions. 2. No one knows what its exact identity is. The name ' Alocasia pseudosanderiana ' is a nomen nudum . In other words, it was established without following the rules of describing new plant species. As such, the name should not be used at all. But we do need something to refer this plant with, and ' Alocasia pseudosanderiana ' is available despite its dubious merits. But here is where it gets interestin

Recollections of Acacia confusa in the field

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  Acacia confusa is the only remaining Acacia species native to the Philippines. And I said "only remaining" not because the others already went extinct, but because these have since been transferred to other genera*. To see these trees in their natural state, we had to drive along a newly constructed road and into a dirt road leading to a bridge still in the process of construction. There was one large tree along the aforementioned newly constructed road, but the main population is on the adjoining scrubland which rises just a few meters above a vast river now almost totally covered with lahar from Mt. Pinatubo. No more trees exist along the main Zambales road, the last one having been balled out for relocation to a private home when the roadside where it was growing on for years was slated for road widening by the Department of Public Works and Highways. Road widenings have sharply increased in frequency since 2016, resulting in the killing of innumerable trees across the

The categories of 'rare'

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  Rare: the most used and abused word since the plantdemic began. Bestowed on plants secretly and not-so-secretly multiplied by the hundreds, even thousands, and branded as such to capture the imagination- and the pockets' contents- of a burgeoning market whose passion for decorative vegetables began only during the government lockdowns imposed around the world. To this day, two years hence, the P.T. Barnums of the aroid craze still use the word as a marketing ploy and echoed by automatons who are under the impression that the word 'rare' is interchangeable with the term 'ridiculously expensive'.  To be fair, there are indeed 'rare plants' in every sense of the term. However, this does not include the "a plant is rare because you can't afford it" line of reasoning. That's stupid. If that is your mindset, then perhaps I can entice you to some bit of illumination and make your notochord ancestors proud. They have, after all, spent many milli

"What variety is that?", and why it's a question that doesn't make sense (most of the time).

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 I frequently see and hear people say "this variety of plant is...", when what they were really wanting to say was "this kind of plant is...". I hear it so much, especially on Youtube videos, that it gives me the impression that these people were only substituting the word 'variety' for 'kind' because they are perhaps assuming that 'variety' is a botanical jargon for 'kind' or 'type'. Even Summer Rayne Oakes, despite her exposure to various botanists from around the world, is still inclined to say "variety", rather than the much more apt 'species'.  Variety You see, 'variety' in the botanical language does not equate to 'kind' or 'type'. It is a botanical nomenclature ranking. To illustrate: genus-species-subspecies-variety-forma . In the botanical world, the distinction between subspecies and variety is sketchy at best, and one botanist's definition of 'subspecies' may be

My (bitchy) aroid mix

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 Through the years, I have experimented with a wide range of soil ingredients- from loam soil, sand, coco chunks, coco peat, burnt rice hulls... practically everything you can think of. And while these components can be suitable for most plants, the mix just won't cut it for more specialized aroids. Everyone have their own recipes that they swear their lives on. However, I have found out- through trial and error as well as years of experience- that my 'tried and tested' mixes even from just a few years ago have resulted in the demise of some choice plants. Plants that are extremely difficult to procure here in the Philippines where horticulture is not as well-developed as its neighbors. I needed a mix that would greatly minimize, if not eliminate, the odds of losing more plants. Incidentally, what I have come up with is very similar to those used by aroid growers in Europe. And by 'aroid growers', I am not referring to the mainstream crowds who like what their next

An eleven-year itch

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The original plant was given to me by Andreas Wistuba in mid-2010, and has since proven to be a very forgiving species, withstanding neglect, bad soil, even worse weather, and terrible water quality. However, as vigorous and adaptable the plant is- it has since given rise to countless offsets which have been released to a handful of collectors from the Philippines- it failed in the flowering department, until now. That is a record-breaking, hair-pulling eleven years of waiting. I probably would have flowered an A. titanum from seed much sooner. These are rather small plants seldom attaining heights in excess of a foot, with gray-brownish petioles finely striped longitudinally with dark brown. The leaflets are minimally divided, and one thing I have noticed, which was not mentioned in the original description, is that the leaflet surfaces have a somewhat iridescent surface, turning bluish-green at a certain angle from the light. After each growing season, the smooth corms give rise to